car-evolutioncars TRIVIA: History of the E-Class - PART IV

OFFICIAL PRESS RELEASE

Stuttgart, Germany, Aug 01, 2008

Resumption of production: 136 and 191 series (1946 to 1955)

* Commercial vehicles, urgently needed in the direct aftermath of the Second World War, were quickly followed by saloons

* State-of-the-art with all-steel body

* First new passenger car design follows in 1949


Under difficult conditions, reconstruction of the Daimler-Benz Untert�rkheim plant began in the aftermath of the Second World War. In addition to the destruction caused by the war itself, these pioneering days were marked by a lack of skilled workers, materials and energy. Under such circumstances it was impossible even to consider the development of new models. So when automobile production resumed in 1946 the Stuttgart brand fell back on the 170 V (W 136), a vehicle it had built from 1936 to 1942. The 170 V was also the first direct forerunner of today's E-Class. But instead of elegant saloons of the upper mid-range category, the first vehicles to come off the assembly line were delivery vehicles � pickups and panel vans � along with ambulances and police patrol cars. These commercial vehicles were urgently needed for Germany�s reconstruction effort.

The new edition of the 170 V was internally designated the 136 I to distinguish the post-war model from its predecessor. In May 1946 the first vehicle � a pickup truck � left final assembly. It was powered by a 28 kW (38 hp) 1.7-litre four-cylinder engine. In June the first panel van followed, and in September and October Mercedes-Benz introduced an ambulance and a police patrol car based on the 170 V. The bodies of these model variants were still relatively simple constructions owing to difficult production circumstances during the post-war period. In total, the first year of production aw assembly of 214 vehicles; by 1947 this figure had risen to 1,045.

1947: Return of the saloon

July of the same year saw production of the 170 V Saloon commence again. In contrast to the pre-war model introduced in 1936, the new automobile was given an all-steel body. This, too, was a reason why Mercedes-Benz offered only a four-door saloon, whereas before the war the 170 V was available in seven body variants. The resumption of passenger car production definitely marks the beginning of the more recent history of the upper mid-range series at Mercedes-Benz. The 170 V set an important trend that extended beyond its own market segment, because initially it was to remain the basis of the first post-war Mercedes-Benz passenger cars, including the 170 D and the 170 S (both dating from 1949) and its variants.

In its own class the 170 was not actually superseded by the 120 series with its three-box body construction until 1953. In the prestige car segment, on the other hand, the 300 model (W 186 II) made its debut in 1951, along with the Mercedes-Benz 220 (W 187) luxury saloon. The last 170 was built in 1955. The different versions of the delivery vehicle also profited from the start of production of the saloon in 1947. They now came with a modified cab, the structure and equipment of which met saloon standards. At the turn of the year 1949, the design engineers also adapted the ambulance concept to meet raised demands. The ambulance was given a more spacious, modernised body, which was built in Bochum by the Lueg company.

1949: First newly developed passenger cars after the war

At the Technical Export Fair in Hanover in May 1949, Daimler-Benz introduced the first Mercedes-Benz car models featuring new post-war designs: the diesel model 170 D and the prestigious 170 S Saloon derived from the 170 V. To a large extent the 170 D corresponded to the 170 V, but it had a 1.7-litre diesel engine, which the Stuttgart engineers developed from the petrol engine of the 170 V. The prechamber engine developed 28 kW (38 hp), like the petrol engine. The 170 D was the first Mercedes-Benz diesel car of the post-war period. It was the carefully thought-out successor to the 260 D of 1936 (W 138) and, as heir to this diesel pioneer, laid the cornerstone for the ongoing success of this drive system variant in Mercedes-Benz passenger cars. Compared with its petrol-powered twin, the 170 D consumed appreciably less fuel � yet had almost identical performance. It provided the platform on which was built the good reputation of the company�s diesel cars, renowned for their longevity and economy. In addition, in the 170 D's early production years the ready supply of diesel oil made this model an attractive proposition, whereas even five years after the war petrol was sometimes still hard to find.

The 170 S introduced at the same time as the 170 D was the new top model of the Mercedes-Benz car range. Technically it was based on the 170, but in styling and concept it made design references to the pre-war 230 model (W 153). With its spacious body, additional comfort, and technical enhancements � which ranged from a more powerful engine to improved front axle � the 170 S was the top-of-the-line model at Mercedes-Benz. In addition to the saloon, Stuttgart offered a two-seater Cabriolet A and a four-seater Cabriolet B.

Continuous model refinement

In the years that followed, the existing variants of the 170 repeatedly underwent further improvements. As early as May 1950, Mercedes-Benz updated the design of the 170 V and 170 D models. Both got uprated engines through enlargement of the displacement to just under 1.8 litres. The petrol engine now developed 33 kW (45 hp) at 3600 rpm, the diesel generated 29 kW (40 hp) at 3200 rpm. Telescopic shock absorbers, an enlarged rear axle track width and more powerful brakes improved handling. And both models were given larger seats, a wider passenger compartment and a boot that could be accessed from outside. To distinguish them from the original models, internally the improved variants were called 170 Va and 170 Da. In May 1952 the rear track width was enlarged again, and both versions of the 170 were fitted with wide one-piece bumpers and a larger windscreen with an internal covered windscreen wiper drive. The two models were built until August 1953, after which they were followed by the 170 S-V and 170 S-D.

In 1952 the 170 S was also improved in numerous ways. The revised version, designated the 170 Sb (W 191), now had a steering column gearshift and a button-type starter on the dashboard. The camshaft was driven by a duplex roller chain, the track width of the rear axle was enlarged, and the rear axle drive was fitted with hypoid gearing. However, the engine, a 38 kW (52 hp) four-cylinder (slightly less than 1.8 litres displacement), remained unchanged. From the outside the 170 Sb could be recognised by its bigger rear window, and by the fact that the boot lid hinges had been moved under the skin. The 170 Sb was available only as a saloon � production of the two cabriolets had ceased in November 1951. Together with the 170 Sb, Mercedes-Benz introduced as a new model the 170 DS, fitted with the diesel engine of the 170 Da. The diesel-powered saloon proved a great hit with buyers and was sold in much higher numbers than its petrol-engined sister model.

Alternative to the all-enveloping "Ponton" body and basis for special bodies

The 170 S-V and 170 S-D models of 1953 mark the final development stage of the 170. They came onto the market at almost the same time as the more modern 120 series with three-box body, and combined the largely unchanged chassis of the basic 170 with the more spacious body of the 170 Sb and 170 DS. The lack of chrome strips on the louvres of the bonnet, bumpers without horns, and simplified interior appointments distinguished the weaker-powered models externally from the 191 series. The 170 S-V was built until February 1955; production of the more successful 170 S-D did not cease until September of that year.

The 136 and 191 series were also offered as chassis, which various bodybuilders furnished with special bodies. Mercedes-Benz themselves also equipped their vehicles with special bodies. For example, panel van bodies for the 170 D and open police tourers were produced at the Sindelfingen plant. Because of considerable outside demand for diesel-engined chassis, Mercedes-Benz did not start delivering these to external bodybuilding firms until 1950. These coachbuilders then turned them into station wagons, six-seater taxis, ambulances and panel vans. Daimler-Benz even took over the official sale of ambulances equipped with Lueg bodies. The Stuttgart company delivered a considerable number of chassis to foreign coachbuilders, a large percentage of them going as ckd kits (completely knocked down � vehicle construction kits) to Argentina.

136/191 series in the press

The Neue Kraftfahrer-Zeitung, Germany, issue 16/1950, paid tribute to the Mercedes-Benz 170 V and 170 D models: "The Mercedes 170 V and D belong without doubt to the top category of German cars in respect of handling characteristics, performance, equipment, etc. Even if their more expensive, somewhat more powerful brother, the 170 S, is more comfortable in certain respects and perhaps 4-5 km/h faster than the V at top speed, this new V is surely striving to emulate it."
Automobil-Revue, Switzerland, reported on the Mercedes-Benz 170 V in issue 12/1950: "The Mercedes-Benz 170 V is anything but a youthful automobile. But is it not a vehicle which in terms of its performance, its unpretentiousness, in terms of its economy, safety and long service life, and � last but not least � also in terms of beauty, can still stand comparison today with the latest, chrome-flashing creations of automotive fashion?"

Massimo Manni wrote in Motor. Settimanale di tecnica e propaganda della motorizzazione italiana, Italy, issue 9/1951, about the Mercedes-Benz 170 D: "As soon as the car is running you immediately notice its most striking characteristic to be an enormous elasticity: from the outset the driver feels prompted to drive mostly in 4th, rarely using 3rd gear and hardly at all the low gears, even if he has to deliberately make reckless use of the gas pedal to accelerate again after slowing down."

ADAC-Motorwelt, Germany, issue 11/1950, was quite taken with the performance of the Mercedes-Benz 170 D: "The 170 Da we tested achieved a top speed of 109 km/h! Its accelerating power was absolutely astonishing, and its hill-climbing ability made for great enjoyment."

ADAC-Motorwelt, Germany, issue 10/1953, wrote of the 170 S-V and 170 S-D models: "As the new S-V and S-D really are just a combination of long-time proven, further developed components, one really can not expect big surprises. Nevertheless, the driving qualities � one is tempted to call them unique for a car of this power class � once again give cause for enthusiasm."
















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